Breaking Through the Bottleneck in Lithium–Iodine Battery Research with the Unified Descriptor
High-energy-density battery systems such as lithium–iodine (Li–I₂) batteries have drawn considerable attention in recent years owing to their low cost, high theoretical energy density, and excellent fast-charging capability. However, the iodine cathode readily generates soluble polyiodides during cycling, and the resulting shuttle effect causes active-material loss and rapid capacity fade. Conventional physical adsorption offers only limited confinement of polyiodides, whereas a chemical anchori
